Gutter to Gulf http://guttertogulf.com Gutter to Gulf Fri, 10 Jun 2011 13:51:47 +0000 http://guttertogulf.com en Gallery 4: Visible Water http://www.guttertogulf.com/Gallery-4-Visible-Water http://www.guttertogulf.com/following/guttertogulf.com/Gallery-4-Visible-Water Fri, 10 Jun 2011 13:51:47 +0000 Gutter to Gulf 1574397 <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/1574397/grey_blue_header_visible water.png" width="600" height="144" width_o="600" height_o="144" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/1574397/grey_blue_header_visible water_o.png" data-mid="8100718" border="0" align="left"/><img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/1574397/gallery_sewercover.jpg" width="558" height="416" width_o="558" height_o="416" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/1574397/gallery_sewercover_o.jpg" data-mid="7709610" border="0" align="left"/> <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/1574397/64 image of water 02-2011 hoeferlin.JPG" width="558" height="370" width_o="558" height_o="370" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/1574397/64 image of water 02-2011 hoeferlin_o.JPG" data-mid="7709190" border="0" align="left"/>example of subsidence <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/1574397/16 image of water 01-2009 hoeferlin.JPG" width="558" height="834" width_o="558" height_o="834" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/1574397/16 image of water 01-2009 hoeferlin_o.JPG" data-mid="7709167" border="0" align="left"/>Dwyer Canal <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/1574397/63 image of water 02-2011 hoeferlin.JPG" width="558" height="842" width_o="558" height_o="842" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/1574397/63 image of water 02-2011 hoeferlin_o.JPG" data-mid="7709189" border="0" align="left"/>floodwall at Lake Pontchartrain <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/1574397/14 image of water 01-2009 hoeferlin.JPG" width="558" height="374" width_o="558" height_o="374" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/1574397/14 image of water 01-2009 hoeferlin_o.JPG" data-mid="7709166" border="0" align="left"/>typical lack of view of water at outfall canal <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/1574397/25 image of water 02-2009 hoeferlin.JPG" width="558" height="419" width_o="558" height_o="419" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/1574397/25 image of water 02-2009 hoeferlin_o.JPG" data-mid="7709171" border="0" align="left"/>Chartres Street, French Quarter <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/1574397/40 image of water 02-2010 unknown.jpg" width="558" height="418" width_o="558" height_o="418" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/1574397/40 image of water 02-2010 unknown_o.jpg" data-mid="7709178" border="0" align="left"/>typical everyday flooding in Upper Ninth Ward <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/1574397/01 image of water 01-2008 hoeferlin.JPG" width="558" height="419" width_o="558" height_o="419" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/1574397/01 image of water 01-2008 hoeferlin_o.JPG" data-mid="7709160" border="0" align="left"/>street flooding in Central City neighborhood after heavy rainfall <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/1574397/28 image of water 01-2010 brandon hall.JPG" width="558" height="371" width_o="558" height_o="371" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/1574397/28 image of water 01-2010 brandon hall_o.JPG" data-mid="7709172" border="0" align="left"/>typical everyday flooding in Broadmoor neighborhood <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/1574397/32 image of water 01-2010 hoeferlin.jpg" width="558" height="314" width_o="558" height_o="314" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/1574397/32 image of water 01-2010 hoeferlin_o.jpg" data-mid="7709175" border="0" align="left"/>typical Jefferson Parish canal <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/1574397/46 image of water 03-2010 hoeferlin.JPG" width="558" height="374" width_o="558" height_o="374" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/1574397/46 image of water 03-2010 hoeferlin_o.JPG" data-mid="7709180" border="0" align="left"/>living within the Mississippi River batture, Jefferson Parish <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/1574397/53 image of water 09-2010 hoeferlin.jpg" width="558" height="840" width_o="558" height_o="840" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/1574397/53 image of water 09-2010 hoeferlin_o.jpg" data-mid="7709182" border="0" align="left"/>drainage detail, French Quarter <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/1574397/06 image of water 05-2008 hoeferlin.JPG" width="558" height="834" width_o="558" height_o="834" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/1574397/06 image of water 05-2008 hoeferlin_o.JPG" data-mid="7709163" border="0" align="left"/>typical hardened levee along Mississippi River between New Orleans and Baton Rouge example of subsidence Dwyer Canal floodwall at Lake Pontchartrain typical lack of view of water at outfall canal Chartres Street, French Quarter ... Gallery 5: In the Field http://www.guttertogulf.com/Gallery-5-In-the-Field http://www.guttertogulf.com/following/guttertogulf.com/Gallery-5-In-the-Field Thu, 31 Mar 2011 14:00:44 +0000 Gutter to Gulf 1246834 <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/1246834/grey_blue_header_InTheField.png" width="600" height="144" width_o="600" height_o="144" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/1246834/grey_blue_header_InTheField_o.png" data-mid="8580711" border="0" align="left"/><img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/1246834/37 field work 02-2011 hoeferlin.JPG" width="558" height="842" width_o="558" height_o="842" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/1246834/37 field work 02-2011 hoeferlin_o.JPG" data-mid="8580026" border="0" align="left"/>Gutter to Gulf discusses water management at Union Passenger Terminal/Pontchartrain Expressway (former site of New Basin Canal) <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/1246834/29 field work 02-2011 hoeferlin.JPG" width="558" height="370" width_o="558" height_o="370" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/1246834/29 field work 02-2011 hoeferlin_o.JPG" data-mid="8580032" border="0" align="left"/>Gutter to Gulf discusses water management along Canal Street <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/1246834/38 field work 02-2011 hoeferlin.jpg" width="558" height="168" width_o="558" height_o="168" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/1246834/38 field work 02-2011 hoeferlin_o.jpg" data-mid="8580037" border="0" align="left"/>Gutter to Gulf studio at Mississippi River levee, Holy Cross neighborhood <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/1246834/33 field work 02-2011 hoeferlin.JPG" width="558" height="370" width_o="558" height_o="370" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/1246834/33 field work 02-2011 hoeferlin_o.JPG" data-mid="8580107" border="0" align="left"/>Gutter to Gulf documents Monticello Canal at Orleans Parish/Jefferson Parish boundary <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/1246834/40 field work 02-2011 hoeferlin.JPG" width="558" height="370" width_o="558" height_o="370" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/1246834/40 field work 02-2011 hoeferlin_o.JPG" data-mid="8580114" border="0" align="left"/>Gutter to Gulf studio at Bayou Bienvenue viewing platform in Lower Ninth Ward <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/1246834/05 field work 02-2009 hoeferlin.JPG" width="558" height="374" width_o="558" height_o="374" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/1246834/05 field work 02-2009 hoeferlin_o.JPG" data-mid="8580129" border="0" align="left"/>review of Gutter to Gulf work at Colton School <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/1246834/10 field work 02-2009 hoeferlin.JPG" width="558" height="374" width_o="558" height_o="374" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/1246834/10 field work 02-2009 hoeferlin_o.JPG" data-mid="8580134" border="0" align="left"/>Gutter to Gulf visits God’s Community Garden, Lower Garden District neighborhood <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/1246834/12 field work 02-2009 hoeferlin.JPG" width="558" height="374" width_o="558" height_o="374" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/1246834/12 field work 02-2009 hoeferlin_o.JPG" data-mid="8580137" border="0" align="left"/>Gutter to Gulf studio Mel Chin’s “Safe House” in St. Roch neighborhood <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/1246834/21 field work 02-2010 hoeferlin.JPG" width="558" height="374" width_o="558" height_o="374" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/1246834/21 field work 02-2010 hoeferlin_o.JPG" data-mid="8580139" border="0" align="left"/>Byron Mouton of Tulane School of Architecture’s URBANbuild presents to Gutter to Gulf in Lower Ninth Ward <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/1246834/31 field work 02-2011 hoeferlin.JPG" width="558" height="370" width_o="558" height_o="370" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/1246834/31 field work 02-2011 hoeferlin_o.JPG" data-mid="8580144" border="0" align="left"/>Joe Sherman, resident activist of Hollygrove neighborhood, presents to Gutter to Gulf at Hollygrove Farmer’s Market <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/1246834/45 field work 02-2011 hoeferlin.JPG" width="558" height="842" width_o="558" height_o="842" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/1246834/45 field work 02-2011 hoeferlin_o.JPG" data-mid="8580150" border="0" align="left"/>Richard Campanella discusses with Gutter to Gulf the hydrological/hydraulic model at Longue Vue House & Gardens Gutter to Gulf discusses water management at Union Passenger Terminal/Pontchartrain Expressway (former site of New Basin Canal) Gutter to Gulf discusses water... Gallery 2: Drainage Infrastructure http://www.guttertogulf.com/Gallery-2-Drainage-Infrastructure http://www.guttertogulf.com/following/guttertogulf.com/Gallery-2-Drainage-Infrastructure Thu, 31 Mar 2011 13:30:11 +0000 Gutter to Gulf 478919 <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478919/grey_blue_header_drainage Infrastructure.png" width="600" height="144" width_o="600" height_o="144" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478919/grey_blue_header_drainage Infrastructure_o.png" data-mid="7708618" border="0" align="left"/><img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478919/02 drainage 02-2009 hoeferlin.JPG" width="558" height="405" width_o="558" height_o="405" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478919/02 drainage 02-2009 hoeferlin_o.JPG" data-mid="8530938" border="0" align="left"/>Drainage Pumping Station 1 <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478919/25 drainage 02-2010 brandon hall.jpg" width="558" height="364" width_o="558" height_o="364" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478919/25 drainage 02-2010 brandon hall_o.jpg" data-mid="8530955" border="0" align="left"/>Washington Canal at normal capacity, view towards Drainage Pumping Station 1 <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478919/24 drainage 02-2010 brandon hall.jpg" width="558" height="364" width_o="558" height_o="364" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478919/24 drainage 02-2010 brandon hall_o.jpg" data-mid="8530977" border="0" align="left"/>Washington Canal at high capacity, view towards Drainage Pumping Station 1 <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478919/20 drainage 01-2010 hoeferlin.JPG" width="558" height="374" width_o="558" height_o="374" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478919/20 drainage 01-2010 hoeferlin_o.JPG" data-mid="8530976" border="0" align="left"/>17th Street Canal <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478919/01 drainage 01-2009 hoeferlin.JPG" width="558" height="374" width_o="558" height_o="374" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478919/01 drainage 01-2009 hoeferlin_o.JPG" data-mid="8530973" border="0" align="left"/>17th Street Canal temporary pumping station and closure gate at Lake Pontchartrain <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478919/34 drainage 02-2011 hoeferlin.JPG" width="558" height="842" width_o="558" height_o="842" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478919/34 drainage 02-2011 hoeferlin_o.JPG" data-mid="8530980" border="0" align="left"/>Lafitte Corridor drainage culvert <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478919/35 drainage 02-2011 hoeferlin.JPG" width="558" height="370" width_o="558" height_o="370" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478919/35 drainage 02-2011 hoeferlin_o.JPG" data-mid="8530981" border="0" align="left"/>Drainage Pumping Station 2 at Broad Street <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478919/39 drainage 02-2011 hoeferlin.JPG" width="558" height="370" width_o="558" height_o="370" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478919/39 drainage 02-2011 hoeferlin_o.JPG" data-mid="8530982" border="0" align="left"/>Monticello Canal <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478919/45 drainage 02-2011 hoeferlin.jpg" width="558" height="133" width_o="558" height_o="133" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478919/45 drainage 02-2011 hoeferlin_o.jpg" data-mid="8530983" border="0" align="left"/>Drainage Pumping Station 6 Drainage Pumping Station 1 Washington Canal at normal capacity, view towards Drainage Pumping Station 1 Washington Canal at high capacity, view towards Drainage... Gallery 3: Wetlands http://www.guttertogulf.com/Gallery-3-Wetlands http://www.guttertogulf.com/following/guttertogulf.com/Gallery-3-Wetlands Thu, 31 Mar 2011 13:30:04 +0000 Gutter to Gulf 478760 <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478760/grey_blue_header_wetlands.png" width="600" height="144" width_o="600" height_o="144" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478760/grey_blue_header_wetlands_o.png" data-mid="7708675" border="0" align="left"/><img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478760/stefania_main.jpg" width="560" height="371" width_o="560" height_o="371" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478760/stefania_main_o.jpg" data-mid="7709594" border="0" align="left"/>decommissioned Mississippi River Gulf Outlet (MR-GO) navigation channel <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478760/24 wetlands 03-2010 hoeferlin.JPG" width="558" height="374" width_o="558" height_o="374" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478760/24 wetlands 03-2010 hoeferlin_o.JPG" data-mid="7708714" border="0" align="left"/>Atchafalaya Delta State Management Area, Terrebonne and St. Mary Parishes <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478760/14 wetlands 01-2010 hoeferlin.jpg" width="558" height="374" width_o="558" height_o="374" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478760/14 wetlands 01-2010 hoeferlin_o.jpg" data-mid="7708707" border="0" align="left"/>typical example of coastal wetland loss <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478760/26 wetlands 03-2010 hoeferlin.JPG" width="558" height="374" width_o="558" height_o="374" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478760/26 wetlands 03-2010 hoeferlin_o.JPG" data-mid="7708716" border="0" align="left"/>typical example of coastal wetland loss and navigation canal at Gulf Coast, Terrebonne Parish <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478760/28 wetlands 04-2010 hoeferlin.JPG" width="558" height="374" width_o="558" height_o="374" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478760/28 wetlands 04-2010 hoeferlin_o.JPG" data-mid="7708718" border="0" align="left"/>boundary of St. Charles (wetlands- above sea level) and Jefferson (suburbanized-below sea level) Parishes <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478760/34 wetlands 09-2010 hoeferlin.jpg" width="558" height="371" width_o="558" height_o="371" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478760/34 wetlands 09-2010 hoeferlin_o.jpg" data-mid="7708719" border="0" align="left"/>coastal wetland loss, saltwater intrusion and sea level rise in Lafourche Parish <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478760/03 wetlands 05-2008 hoeferlin.JPG" width="558" height="1029" width_o="558" height_o="1029" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478760/03 wetlands 05-2008 hoeferlin_o.JPG" data-mid="7708700" border="0" align="left"/>opening of Bonnet Carry Spillway between Mississippi River and Lake Pontchartrain <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478760/06 wetlands 01-2010 hoeferlin.JPG" width="558" height="374" width_o="558" height_o="374" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478760/06 wetlands 01-2010 hoeferlin_o.JPG" data-mid="7708701" border="0" align="left"/>view of Bayou Beinvenue from viewing platform at Lower Ninth Ward decommissioned Mississippi River Gulf Outlet (MR-GO) navigation channel Atchafalaya Delta State Management Area, Terrebonne and St. Mary Parishes typical... What Can We Do? http://www.guttertogulf.com/What-Can-We-Do http://www.guttertogulf.com/following/guttertogulf.com/What-Can-We-Do Wed, 23 Jun 2010 22:32:32 +0000 Gutter to Gulf 478936 <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478936/grey_blue_header_what-can-we-do.png" width="600" height="114" width_o="600" height_o="114" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478936/grey_blue_header_what-can-we-do_o.png" data-mid="4795088" border="0" align="left"/> <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478936/mississippi_drainage_basin_banner.png" width="600" height="154" width_o="600" height_o="154" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478936/mississippi_drainage_basin_banner_o.png" data-mid="7637136" border="0" align="left"/>click image for animation New Orleans sits at the bottom of North America’s largest drainage basin, and it demonstrates an extreme version of water management questions that plague every city on the continent. A Gordian knot of dilemmas about water’s place in the metropolitan landscape—every day and under extreme conditions—New Orleans is a crucible for the examination and resolution of issues whose importance is increasing with climate change. Planning for water involves both technical and political questions, and New Orleans’s water plan must speak both to engineers and to citizens. The planning process will raise design issues that are rhetorical—what, for instance, should the image of water be in a soggy place, and how can that image help citizens to come to terms with where they live?—and practical—how does rainwater hit the ground, travel through the city, and make its way to the Gulf of Mexico? Questions of expression and pragmatism will come together around public safety. Limiting risk will depend not only on adequate water storage but also on the development of a flood culture that recognizes the landscape’s basic tendencies. These issues cross disciplines and arenas: they engage planning, urban and landscape design, architecture, engineering, economics, and politics. They involve landscape types from public infrastructure to civic space to private gardens. They demand reckoning with ecological systems from regional to residential scales. click image for animation New Orleans sits at the bottom of North America’s largest drainage basin, and it demonstrates an extreme version of water management... Gallery 1: Urban Form http://www.guttertogulf.com/Gallery-1-Urban-Form http://www.guttertogulf.com/following/guttertogulf.com/Gallery-1-Urban-Form Wed, 23 Jun 2010 22:00:02 +0000 Gutter to Gulf 478927 <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478927/grey_blue_header_urban form.png" width="600" height="148" width_o="600" height_o="148" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478927/grey_blue_header_urban form_o.png" data-mid="7708476" border="0" align="left"/><img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478927/29 urban form 02-2011 hoeferlin.jpg" width="558" height="370" width_o="558" height_o="370" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478927/29 urban form 02-2011 hoeferlin_o.jpg" data-mid="8530105" border="0" align="left"/>Jackson Square 2011 <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478927/03 urban form 01-2007 hoeferlin.JPG" width="558" height="371" width_o="558" height_o="371" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478927/03 urban form 01-2007 hoeferlin_o.JPG" data-mid="8530098" border="0" align="left"/>Coliseum Square <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478927/24 urban form 04-2010 hoeferlin.JPG" width="558" height="374" width_o="558" height_o="374" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478927/24 urban form 04-2010 hoeferlin_o.JPG" data-mid="8530103" border="0" align="left"/>Saint Charles Avenue <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478927/16 urban form 03-2009 hoeferlin.JPG" width="558" height="419" width_o="558" height_o="419" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478927/16 urban form 03-2009 hoeferlin_o.JPG" data-mid="8530099" border="0" align="left"/>Felicity Street, jazz funeral <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478927/02 urban form 01-2007 hoeferlin.JPG" width="558" height="419" width_o="558" height_o="419" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478927/02 urban form 01-2007 hoeferlin_o.JPG" data-mid="8530097" border="0" align="left"/>Central City, boat beached by Hurricane Katrina <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478927/01 urban form 01-2006 hoeferlin.JPG" width="558" height="419" width_o="558" height_o="419" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478927/01 urban form 01-2006 hoeferlin_o.JPG" data-mid="8530096" border="0" align="left"/>empty lot in Central City neighborhood <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478927/25 urban form 04-2010 hoeferlin.JPG" width="558" height="374" width_o="558" height_o="374" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478927/25 urban form 04-2010 hoeferlin_o.JPG" data-mid="8530104" border="0" align="left"/>Uptown neighborhood <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478927/21 urban form 03-2010 hoeferlin.JPG" width="558" height="374" width_o="558" height_o="374" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478927/21 urban form 03-2010 hoeferlin_o.JPG" data-mid="8530101" border="0" align="left"/>Upper Ninth Ward/Desire neighborhood <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478927/20 urban form 03-2010 hoeferlin.JPG" width="558" height="374" width_o="558" height_o="374" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478927/20 urban form 03-2010 hoeferlin_o.JPG" data-mid="8530100" border="0" align="left"/>sidewalk deferring to live oak tree roots Jackson Square 2011 Coliseum Square Saint Charles Avenue Felicity Street, jazz funeral Central City, boat beached by Hurricane Katrina empty lot in... Why Do Wetlands Matter? http://www.guttertogulf.com/Why-Do-Wetlands-Matter http://www.guttertogulf.com/following/guttertogulf.com/Why-Do-Wetlands-Matter Wed, 23 Jun 2010 21:55:00 +0000 Gutter to Gulf 478921 <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478921/Punch_header_wetlands_matter2.png" width="600" height="272" width_o="600" height_o="272" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478921/Punch_header_wetlands_matter2_o.png" data-mid="6126554" border="0" align="left"/> <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478921/wetlands2_cropA.png" width="600" height="154" width_o="600" height_o="154" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478921/wetlands2_cropA_o.png" data-mid="4779838" border="0" align="left"/>click image for animation Why wetlands matter | Why wetlands disappear The landscape of New Orleans is part of the wetlands system of southern Louisiana, and the city’s future depends on the health of that regional system. <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478921/wetland_icons_small_mar17.png" width="400" height="298" width_o="400" height_o="298" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478921/wetland_icons_small_mar17_o.png" data-mid="5716604" border="0" align="left"/> Why wetlands matterDuring storms and hurricanes, the wetlands protect New Orleans from surges in the Gulf of Mexico by absorbing and slowing water. Estimates vary, but scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology suggest that an area of one to four square miles of wetlands between New Orleans and the gulf can reduce a storm surge that threatens the city by one foot (source: Anna Simon, MIT, 20 August 2010). Beyond that, the wetlands support industries that contribute substantially to the city’s economy. [back to top] Why wetlands disappearThe bayous and streams that once distributed the main channel of the Mississippi River across its delta have been closed. As a consequence, they no longer replenish the wetlands with sediment. Beyond that, significant areas of wetland have been lost to erosion, subsidence, channelization for navigation and industry. In southern Louisiana 75 square kilometers of wetlands disappear every year; this translates to approximately two acres per hour (source: U.S. Geological Survey, Marine and Coastal Geology Program, 20 August 2010). The BP oil spill of April 2010 dealt a catastrophic blow to southern Louisiana’s wetlands. No one knows what such widespread contamination will mean for the future of the region. <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478921/wetlands_1718.png" width="500" height="373" width_o="500" height_o="373" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478921/wetlands_1718_o.png" data-mid="2713622" border="0" align="left"/><img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478921/wetlands_1932.png" width="500" height="373" width_o="500" height_o="373" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478921/wetlands_1932_o.png" data-mid="2713623" border="0" align="left"/><img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478921/wetlands_2000.png" width="500" height="373" width_o="500" height_o="373" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478921/wetlands_2000_o.png" data-mid="2713625" border="0" align="left"/><img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478921/wetlands_2005.png" width="500" height="373" width_o="500" height_o="373" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478921/wetlands_2005_o.png" data-mid="2713626" border="0" align="left"/><img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478921/wetlands_2020.png" width="500" height="373" width_o="500" height_o="373" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478921/wetlands_2020_o.png" data-mid="2713627" border="0" align="left"/> [back to top] click image for animation Why wetlands matter | Why wetlands disappear The landscape of New Orleans is part of the wetlands system of southern Louisiana, and... Why does the city fight gravity? http://www.guttertogulf.com/Why-does-the-city-fight-gravity http://www.guttertogulf.com/following/guttertogulf.com/Why-does-the-city-fight-gravity Wed, 23 Jun 2010 21:50:46 +0000 Gutter to Gulf 478881 <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478881/grey_blue_header_gravity copy.png" width="600" height="181" width_o="600" height_o="181" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478881/grey_blue_header_gravity copy_o.png" data-mid="4779615" border="0" align="left"/> <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478881/drainage2_cropD.png" width="600" height="154" width_o="600" height_o="154" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478881/drainage2_cropD_o.png" data-mid="4779061" border="0" align="left"/> click image for interactive map From natural to mechanical drainage | Unexpected consequences | The need for levees Much of New Orleans has subsided to elevations well below sea level; after a century of subsidence, the ground no longer slopes toward the city’s natural drainage outlet, Lake Pontchartrain. All of the water that falls in the area bounded by the lake, the Mississippi River, the Industrial Canal, and the 17th Street Canal must be removed from the city by mechanical pumping. From natural to mechanical drainageWhen New Orleans was confined to the high ground of the Mississippi’s natural levee, the city drained to Lake Pontchartrain by gravity. At the turn of the twentieth century, when people began to inhabit the back-of-town swamps, pumps were needed to remove water from the soggy ground. Mechanical drainage accelerated after 1913, when pump technology became more efficient. By the 1950s, the area bounded by the river, the lake, the Industrial Canal, and the Jefferson Parish boundary (now known as Drainage Basin 1) had been completely drained and developed. Almost no trace of water remained at the surface of the city: land was subdivided to create as many saleable parcels as possible, and storm water was conveyed to the lake through a series of canals, some at or above grade and many below ground. <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478881/History_07.png" width="510" height="422" width_o="510" height_o="422" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478881/History_07_o.png" data-mid="2203372" border="0" align="left"/> Photo courtesy of: The Historic New Orleans Collection, Drainage Canals, 1895. [back to top] Unexpected consequencesUnfortunately, drying out the swamps caused the ground to subside. As the land fell lower and lower, it became more vulnerable to flooding, and water no longer drained naturally to Lake Pontchartrain. During the middle of the twentieth century, levees were built to protect the falling city from the lake, and pumps became necessary to lift the water to lake level. Today, much of the city is below sea level. Rainwater enters the storm sewer system through drains in the street and travels through pipes and canals to pumping stations, where it is mechanically lifted and sent through outfall canals to Lake Pontchartrain. The system can store half an inch of rainfall, and it can pump half an inch of rain in one hour. After that, the city begins to flood. <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478881/spump_1.png" width="657" height="377" width_o="657" height_o="377" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478881/spump_1_o.png" data-mid="2713195" border="0" align="left"/><img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478881/spump_2.png" width="657" height="377" width_o="657" height_o="377" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478881/spump_2_o.png" data-mid="2713196" border="0" align="left"/><img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478881/spump_3.png" width="657" height="377" width_o="657" height_o="377" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478881/spump_3_o.png" data-mid="2713197" border="0" align="left"/> [back to top] The need for leveesBecause the city is lower than the water around it, its perimeter must be protected by a series of floodwalls and earthen levees. These barriers take different form at different locations along the city’s edge. They require constant, vigilant maintenance. During Hurricane Katrina, the storm surge overtopped and undermined levees and floodwalls at the city’s boundary and along its drainage system. Catastrophic flooding resulted. <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478881/defenses_600.png" width="600" height="520" width_o="632" height_o="548" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478881/defenses_o.png" data-mid="6109968" border="0" align="left"/> <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478881/Fight gravity_levee1.png" width="500" height="323" width_o="500" height_o="323" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478881/Fight gravity_levee1_o.png" data-mid="5717208" border="0" align="left"/><img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478881/Fight gravity_levee2.png" width="500" height="323" width_o="500" height_o="323" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478881/Fight gravity_levee2_o.png" data-mid="5717207" border="0" align="left"/><img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478881/Fight gravity_levee3.png" width="500" height="323" width_o="500" height_o="323" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478881/Fight gravity_levee3_o.png" data-mid="5717206" border="0" align="left"/> [back to top] click image for interactive map From natural to mechanical drainage | Unexpected consequences | The need for levees Much of New Orleans has subsided to... Why is New Orleans sinking? http://www.guttertogulf.com/Why-is-New-Orleans-sinking http://www.guttertogulf.com/following/guttertogulf.com/Why-is-New-Orleans-sinking Wed, 23 Jun 2010 14:00:18 +0000 Gutter to Gulf 478294 <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478294/grey_blue_header_fallen copy.png" width="600" height="283" width_o="600" height_o="283" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478294/grey_blue_header_fallen copy_o.png" data-mid="4779662" border="0" align="left"/><img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478294/Why is New Orleans sinking_heading_pic_600.png" width="600" height="159" width_o="636" height_o="169" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478294/Why is New Orleans sinking_heading_pic_o.png" data-mid="5719431" border="0" align="left"/>click image for animation Stable ground | The sinking city | What now? This unusual circumstance is the product of New Orleans’s situation in the Mississippi Delta. The city’s location has been its blessing and its curse. The city owes its existence to its location between the Mississippi River and Lake Pontchartrain: that proximity made it an ideal transfer point between the North American interior and the Gulf of Mexico. However, this situation in the dynamic landscape of the Mississippi River Delta has made New Orleans vulnerable to sinking. Stable GroundWhen New Orleans was founded in the early 18th century, it occupied the high, dry land along the river’s natural levees. The passage to the lake could be made by boat with a short portage; and the lake offered access to the gulf via Lake Borgne. The cypress swamps between the river and the lake lay just above sea level, but they were too wet to occupy permanently, and until the early twentieth century, the city’s development was confined to the stable high ground along the Mississippi. <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478294/neworleans1798_sm.jpg" width="563" height="812" width_o="563" height_o="812" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478294/neworleans1798_sm_o.jpg" data-mid="2713063" border="0" align="left"/> Map of the City 1798, Image courtesy of the Historic New Orleans Collection <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478294/historic river image_sm.png" width="563" height="419" width_o="563" height_o="419" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478294/historic river image_sm_o.png" data-mid="7707092" border="0" align="left"/> Currier & Ives, Image courtesy of the Historic New Orleans Collection [back to top] The sinking cityIn the first half of the twentieth century, mechanical pumping technology enabled the draining and subdivision of the city’s back-of-town swamps. The reclamation of these soggy areas had an unexpected consequence: it made ground levels fall. This process, called subsidence, occurred through different mechanisms. Organic matter in the soil oxidized, so soil volume was reduced. As pumping extracted water from the ground, soil particles collapsed onto each other. The removal of the cypress swamps brought an end to soil creation through organic decomposition. Finally, the levees that had been constructed along the length of the Mississippi to stop flooding prevented the replenishment of soil by alluvial material. By the turn of the twenty-first century, the city had become a giant sink. Ground levels had fallen to as low as twelve feet below sea level; the city was completely surrounded by levees; and the only way to remove water from drains and sewers was by pumping it over the levee to Lake Pontchartrain. [back to top] What now?The low ground in New Orleans continues to sink, and even the high ground that constitutes approximately half the city must be drained mechanically. These circumstances created havoc during and after Hurricanes Katrina and Rita, when both pumps and levees failed. They demand a new approach to water management, one that recognizes and adapts to the dynamic ecology of New Orleans’s location between the river and the lake, in the world’s fourth-largest delta. The city’s surface has subsided, but not at equal rates: some soil types are more susceptible than others. Beyond that, different types of structures respond differently to subsidence. For instance, slab on grade foundations tip and tilt as the ground sinks, but pile foundations remain in place as the earth around them disappears. <img src="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478294/water-leak_sm.jpg" width="563" height="331" width_o="563" height_o="331" src_o="http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/39724/478294/water-leak_sm_o.jpg" data-mid="7707140" border="0" align="left"/> Image from Gutter to Gulf Studio 2010, Photo credit: Erin Dorr [back to top] click image for animation Stable ground | The sinking city | What now? This unusual circumstance is the product of New Orleans’s situation in the...